What
is an ECG?
Recording of the
electrical activity heart.
ØGraph of voltage versus time
Basics
ECG graph:
Ø1 mm Small squares
Ø5 mm Large squares
Paper Speed:
Ø25 mm/sec standard
Voltage Calibration:
Ø10 mm/mV standard
ECG
Leads
Leads are electrodes
which measure the potential difference between:
1.Two
different points on the body (bipolar leads)
2.One
point on the body and a virtual reference point with zero electrical potential,
located in the centre of the heart (unipolar leads)
Einthoven's
triangle
Precordial Leads
Electrode name
|
Electrode
placement
|
RA
|
On the right arm, avoiding thick
muscle.
|
LA
|
On the left arm, avoiding thick
muscle.
|
RL
|
On the right leg, lateral calf
muscle.
|
LL
|
On the left leg, lateral calf
muscle.
|
V1
|
In the fourth intercostal space (between
ribs 4 and 5) just to the right of the sternum (breastbone).
|
V2
|
|
V3
|
Between leads V2 and V4.
|
V4
|
|
V5
|
Anterior axillary line at the same
level as V4
|
V6
|
Arrangement of
Leads on the ECG
Normal
standardization
1 mV=10 mm
Will result in
perfect right angles at each corner
Overdamping and Underdamping
Overdamping: When the pressure of the stylus is too firm on the paper
so that it’s movements are retarded – deflection fractionally wider and
diminished amplitude
Unerdamping: When the writing stylus is not pressed firmly enough
against the paper - sharp spikes at the corners
Specific cardiac
abnormalities
dextrocardiaà right & left arm electrodes should be reversed
pre-cordial leads should be recorded from
V1R(V2) to V6
Artefacts on ECG
Distorted
signals caused by secondary internal or external sources, such as muscle
movement or interference from an
electrical device.
ECG tracing is
affected by patient’s motion.
Rhythmic motions
(shivering or tremors) can create the illusion of arrhythmia.
May lead to:
ØAltered diagnosis,
treatment, outcome of therapy and legal liabilities
Reducing Artefacts during an ECG
Patient Positioning
Supine or
semi-Fowler’s position.
ØIf patient can’t tolerate lying flat,
do the ECG in a more upright position.
Instruct patient to
place arms down by his side and to relax the shoulders.
Patient’s legs should
be uncrossed.
Place electrical
devices, such as cell phones, away from the patient as they may interfere with
the machine.
Skin Preparation
Dry the skin if it’s
moist or diaphoretic.
Shave any hair that
interferes with electrode placement.
Øensures a better electrode contact with
the skin.
Rub an alcohol prep
pad or benzoin tincture on the skin to remove any oils and help with electrode
adhesion.
Electrode Application
Check the electrodes
to make sure the gel is still moist.
Do not place the electrodes over bones.
Do not place the
electrodes over areas where there is a lot of muscle movement.
Interpretation
of an ECG
I am bold enough among many others to state that there is now a potent cure to this sickness but many are unaware of it. I discovered that I was infected with the virus 3 months ago, after a medical check-up. My doctor told me and I was shocked, confused and felt like my world has crumbled. I was dying slowly due to the announcement of my medical practitioner but he assured me that I could leave a normal life if I took my medications (as there was no medically known cure to Herpes). I went from churches to churches but soon found that my case needed urgent attention as I was growing lean due to fear of dying anytime soon. In a bid to look for a lasting solution to my predicament, I sought for solutions from the herbal world. I went online and searched for every powerful trado-medical practitioner that I could severe, cos I heard that the African Herbs had a cure to the Herpes syndrome. It was after a little time searching the web that I came across one Dr Itua(A powerful African Herbal Doctor), who offered to help me at a monetary fee. I had to comply as this was my final bus-stop to receiving a perfect healing. My last resolve was to take my life by myself, should this plan fail. At last it worked out well. He gave me some steps to follow and I meticulously carried out all his instructions. Last month, to be precise, I went back to the hospital to conduct another test and to my amazement, the results showed that negative,Dr Itua Can As Well Cure The Following Desease…Cancer,Hiv,Herpes, Hepatitis B,Liver Inflammatory,Diabetis,Fribroid,,Non Hodgkin Lymphoma,Skin Cancer,Uterine Cancer,Prostate Cancer Dercum,Infertility,fibromyalgia,Get Your Ex Back,Als,SYPHILLIS,Genetic disease,Epilepsy, Parkinson's disease..You can free yourself of this Herpes virus by consulting this great African Herbal Doctor via this e-mail: drituaherbalcenter@gmail.com or call and whatsapp him on +2348149277967 He will help you and his herb medication is sure. he has the cure on all disease .You can talk to me on INSTAGRAM..tashamoore219....
ReplyDelete